Since 1999, Health Canada, in collaboration with CIHR, has solicited applications for clinical trials aimed at increasing the knowledge base on the safety and efficacy of marijuana and cannabinoids through the Medical Marijuana Research Program. A description of this Program is available on this website. Health Canada and CIHR have now initiated the Marijuana Open Label Safety Initiative that will focus on the conduct of clinical studies designed similarly to those often termed "Phase IV" in the drug development process.
| February 3, 2003 | Full proposals must be courier stamped by this date. |
| March 21, 2003 | Notification of decision |
| Duration of projects | Up to three years |
| Funds Available | The maximum amount per grant is $1.5 M annually. |
Introduction
Background
Who is Eligible to Apply?
Mechanism of Support
Funds Available
Allowable Costs
How to Apply and Evaluation Process
General CIHR Guidelines and Conditions of Funding
Contact Information
The purpose of this Initiative is to conduct open label clinical studies with both smoked and non-smoked marijuana.
Open label clinical study is used in this Initiative to indicate a clinical study where all subjects receive the drug. Studies that involve the administration of pre-determined doses or patient-specific doses of marijuana to all subjects will be considered under this Initiative.
Health Canada's Medical Marijuana Research Program (MMRP) solicits research applications on the safety and efficacy of marijuana. Both randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) and trials focusing only on safety are considered relevant under that Program. The application and review procedures for trials submitted under that Program have been integrated with the normal CIHR procedures for RCT and operating grants. This Program will continue.
Health Canada has evaluated the MMRP and has identified some barriers to the conduct of the studies needed by Health Canada to establish an adequate knowledge base for making policy decisions on the use of marijuana for medical purposes. In the absence of a commercial sponsor, potential researchers have been required to assume all of the responsibility for the development of the necessary regulatory documentation to support the conduct of clinical studies. Health Canada recognizes this is an onerous burden to place on researchers and is therefore taking this into consideration for the new Marijuana Open Label Safety Initiative (MOLSI). This Initiative will provide more assistance to researchers by making available some essential elements needed for the conduct of clinical studies. The application and evaluation procedures have been designed specifically for this Initiative. See How to Apply and Evaluation Process below.
The MOLSI is soliciting proposals to conduct studies with both smoked and non-smoked marijuana with the following objectives:
Primary Objective
Secondary Objectives
Health Canada, in collaboration with the Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids in Human Therapeutics (CCIC) and other Canadian researchers, has prepared a template that outlines issues that need to be considered by applicants in submitting applications under this Initiative. Researchers may use this template for the design of protocols. Health Canada is also preparing draft clinical study protocols based on this template that will be made available soon to researchers on this website under this Initiative description. These draft protocols will describe open label clinical studies with marijuana in patients with selected specific diseases and conditions.
Applicants are not limited to using these protocols for studies. Protocols aimed at the evaluation of marijuana for the treatment of the symptoms of other diseases are also eligible. Researchers may modify the above protocols for other studies. The design of protocols according to the template or based on the draft protocols that will be made available does not ensure approval of the proposed research. Other factors, such as the qualifications and research experience of applicants and the availability of resources and facilities to perform the research, will also be assessed.
As the primary objective of this Initiative is the collection of safety data on the use of marijuana, Health Canada expects that studies under this Initiative will involve, in total, more than 500 subjects. It is recognized that this may involve the conduct of several disease specific studies. In order to ensure that the safety data from these studies is as compatible as possible to permit analysis of the results from all studies, some elements described in the template are compulsory.
Studies must comply with Canadian requirements applicable to the conduct of clinical trials with controlled substances and with Guidelines related to Good Clinical Practice. This includes the need to submit a Clinical Trial Application (CTA) in accordance with Division 5 of the Food and Drug Regulations, Drugs For Clinical Trials Involving Human Subjects. Requirements related to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act pertaining to the use of a controlled substance in a clinical study may be obtained from the Health Canada contact indicated below.
Ethics approval must be obtained from a recognized research ethics committee prior to study commencement. Each participating site will obtain approval to conduct this study from an appropriate Research Ethics Board (REB). The investigator must be familiar with the principles elaborated in the Declaration of Helsinki (Hong Kong 1989 revision) and must adhere to these principles.
The study objectives and inclusion and exclusion criteria must agree with those in the template. The frequency of and information collected during subject assessments must comply with the requirements set out in the template. Similarly, studies must conform to the direction in the template on the collection of adverse event information and outcome measures.
Only marijuana available from Health Canada's supply that is grown under contract by Prairie Plant Systems Inc. may be used in studies under this Initiative. Health Canada's marijuana may be considered to constitute a series of preparations of the plant that will contain, if required for the proposed study, varying but defined and controlled contents of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other cannabinoids. These preparations will contain up to five different THC contents ranging from about 2% to 25% THC. Placebo material, a preparation containing very low levels of THC, will also be available. As all marijuana preparations will be prepared on an as-needed basis, it is essential that researchers contact Health Canada regarding the availability of marijuana preparations. Access to a Drug Master File for this marijuana will be made available to satisfy the chemistry and manufacturing requirements of the CTA. The maximum daily dosage must not exceed three grams.
Investigators must also agree to make the results of their study available to Health Canada and to transfer all collected and analyzed information to a central information management system for integration and global analysis.
Under the MOLSI, support elements currently available under the MMRP will also be made available to potential researchers. These include expert assistance, where requested, for the preparation of a CTA. Health Canada will make available an Investigator's Brochure that may be used as is or modified, as appropriate and a Monograph for marijuana that summarizes current scientific and medical knowledge about the use of marijuana for medical purposes.
Investigators are responsible for ensuring that they have appropriate professional insurance to cover activities of the study. Institutional insurers must be advised of the study and asked to give coverage of the study in writing.
Eligibility criteria for all CIHR research funding (grant) programs apply. Please refer to Eligibility for Research Funding Programs on the CIHR website.
The business office of the institution of an eligible Principal Applicant generally administers CIHR funds. The eligibility requirements for Institutions are found on the CIHR website in the Financial Administration of Funds Guide.
This RFA is funded as a strategic Initiative and is designed to solicit project grant applications with the duration of up to three years.
The maximum amount for a single grant is $1.5 M per year.
The funds for this Initiative will come from the same funding envelope as the MMRP.
Applicants should review CIHR's guidelines on Eligible Expenditures for Research Funding Initiatives for a complete listing and description of allowable costs and activities.
Applicants must submit an Operating Grant Full Application using standard CIHR forms from the CIHR Operating Grants application package by February 1, 2003. The Registration package is not required. As the funding cycle for this Initiative is not synchronized with other CIHR processes, an ad hoc committee of experts with competencies relevant to applications will be selected by CIHR to review applications. Both the proposed research and the applicant will be assessed during this review. Dates for further submissions will be specified in subsequent information on this initiative.
All conditions, as specified in CIHR's Grants and Awards Guides , shall apply to those funded through this Initiative. Conditions cover areas such as Applicant and Institutional Responsibilities, Ethics, Official Language Policy, Access to Information and Privacy Acts, Acknowledgement of Health Canada and CIHR support etc. Successful recipients will be informed of any special financial conditions when they receive CIHR's Authorization for Funding Form (AFF). The principal applicant (with funding responsibilities) will be required to submit a final report to Health Canada and CIHR summarizing the results and describing how the grant funds were used.
Suzanne Desjardins, Ph.D.
Manager
Evaluation and Research Coordination Division
Office of Controlled Substances
Drug Strategy and Controlled Substances Program
Healthy Environments & Consumer Safety Branch
Health Canada A.L. 3503B
Ottawa ON K1A 1B9
Phone: (613) 946-4223
Fax: (613) 952-2196
e-mail: suzanne_desjardins@hc-sc.gc.ca
To promote and initiate the development of novel, innovative health research about the safety of marijuana for medical purposes. Generate valid and reliable data in this area. Evaluate the incidence of adverse effects associated with the use of this substance. On short term, CIHR and HC expect to support a small number of successful research projects with a view of collecting meaningful data on the medical use of marijuana.
This document provides a framework outlining the key information required for developing protocols to conduct clinical studies under the Marijuana Open Label Safety Initiative. The template requirements include the use of Health Canada product, compliance with Division 5 of the Food and Drug Regulations, Drugs for Clinical Trials Involving Human Subjects and with Good Clinical Practices (see Appendix 2), generic study primary and secondary objectives, generic inclusion and exclusion criteria, maximum daily dosage, frequency and key information collected including adverse event reports, and key outcome measures. Investigators must agree to transfer all information collected and analyzed through their study to a central information system for integration and global analysis.
Investigators are responsible for developing their own specific protocol, including specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, specific outcomes and methodological approaches. It should be noted that the use of this template does not guarantee a successful application. Successful applicants are strongly encouraged to share with other successful applicants, under this initiative, the additional outcomes that were identified in addition to the compulsory outcomes included in this template.
This template was prepared with the collaboration of the Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids (CCIC) for Human Therapeutics. (the list of consultees is provided in Appendix 1).
Despite the claims concerning the potential benefits of marijuana for the treatment of symptoms of several conditions, the safety of marijuana has not yet been systematically evaluated through standardized clinical studies. At the present time, safety information comes mainly from epidemiological studies of recreational marijuana use. There is limited information on the long term safety of marijuana in any population, let alone a population which is severely ill and on numerous concomitant treatments.
Currently, it is permitted, under specified conditions, for Canadians to possess and grow marijuana for medical purposes under the Medical Marihuana Access Regulations (MMAR). However, no follow-up information is being obtained on patients using marijuana under the MMAR. The availability of a standardized product, manufactured through a contract between Health Canada and Prairie Plant Systems Inc (PPS), creates an opportunity to provide research-grade marijuana to subjects enrolled in a clinical study and to monitor a range of safety parameters, as well as to collect information on doses and on subject's satisfaction which may be useful in designing randomized controlled clinical trials.
Primary Objective
The primary objective is the collection of standardized safety data on the use of marijuana for medical purposes.
Secondary Objectives
To assess dosage use.
To collect data on the satisfaction with the Health Canada product and for subjects who have used marijuana from other sources for symptom control, to compare it with their past experience.
To determine any predisposing factors to adverse events.
The purpose of studies under this initiative is the assessment of the safety of marijuana under varied conditions. Therefore, studies must provide within-study flexibility in route of administration and daily dosage.
Marijuana is most frequently consumed by smoking. Smoking results in a wide inter-subject variation in the effective dose due to differences in inhalation techniques and preparation of the marijuana. Although most frequently smoked in the form of a cigarette, smoking marijuana in a pipe is also an option. Marijuana may also be administered through a device called a vaporiser which heats the marijuana to a temperature sufficient to volatilize some components without combusting the material. It can also be expected that some subjects will consume marijuana by the preparation of different types of edible products that may be prepared for oral consumption.
The maximum daily dosage must not exceed 3g per day. The introduction of subjects to Health Canada's supply of marijuana should be conducted using low initial doses of the material with increases in dose being made only after adequate subject experience with the material. It is essential that the dosage information be collected for each subject. Adjustment in dosage must be documented and clearly justified on the basis of clinical evaluation (e.g. inadequate symptom relief).
Since it is anticipated that the majority of patients accessing this safety study will be experienced users of marijuana, the marijuana for these studies will be provided in the familiar form of dried plant material. It is anticipated that the product will be distributed primarily through participating pharmacies.
To reduce the risk of diversion, it is strongly recommended that the quantity of marijuana provided to subjects at one time not exceed their requirements for one week.
A. Study Design
This initiative pertains to the conduct of open label safety studies on marijuana used for medical purposes for which a phase-4-study-design is recommended. Subjects will be followed for one year or until death, should death occur before the end of the study. Investigators will develop protocols to conduct disease-specific or symptom-specific studies. Examples of potential conditions include (but are not limited to) HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, chronic cancer or non-cancer pain, palliative care and end-of-life.
B. Study Centres
It is intended that studies under this initiative will be conducted at several sites across Canada. The protocol must clearly indicate how many sites will be involved in the proposed study, where the site will be located and whether the site will be associated with an hospital or clinic. All centres and research sites must have qualified investigators responsible for carrying out the study and following patients. Centres must be able to comply with the protocol and with Good Clinical Practices (GCP) (see Appendix 2). They must also be capable of quality-controlled data collection and be able to secure acceptable ethics committee review of protocols to ensure that the best quality data are collected with adequate protection of the safety of subjects and investigators. All investigators participating in the study, including patients' treating physicians who have agreed to participate in the study, must comply with the protocol and must follow the GCP.
C. Recruitment of Patients
The studies will be open to all eligible subjects across Canada. Approved centres and research sites will recruit subjects. The availability of marijuana through these studies should be publicized through the popular media and through the most popular medical periodicals and journals read by medical practitioners in Canada.
It can be expected that most studies conducted under this initiative will predominantly involve subjects already using marijuana.
All potential subjects must be informed of the following when considering participation in the study:
D. Eligibility Criteria
a. Inclusion Criteria
b. Exclusion Criteria
E. Screening
The study will be explained in detail to interested subjects. Once they have understood the study requirements, all participants will be asked to give an informed consent. Only consented subjects will enter in the screening phase to determine eligibility.
Once all the criteria for entry into the study have been satisfied, subjects will commence the study. A complete log of subjects who are not eligible will be kept at center, along with the reasons for ineligibility.
F. Study Drug
Only marijuana grown under contract to Health Canada by Prairie Plant Systems Inc will be used in the studies conducted under this initiative. Marijuana from two strains of plant will be available. The THC contents of the flowering tops (buds) of these strains are approximately 13% to 18% for one strain and 20% to 25% for the other one. Marijuana consisting of only the flowering tops is preferred by many users. Marijuana with other variable and predetermined THC contents ranging from about 2% to the maximum of 18% or 25%, depending on strain, will be available in five steps. These products will be prepared by incorporating low THC plant parts, mainly twigs and some leaf, with flowering tops. The marijuana will be available in foil packets containing 30g. Protocols must clearly define the approximate quantities and types of marijuana that will be used.
G. Study Visits
A schedule of visits and data collection is attached in Appendix 3. The schedule is designed to generate the most efficient data collection while ensuring that early safety concerns are identified.
1. Baseline Assessment
2. Follow-up Assessments
Subjects must either visit the investigator or their treating physician each week during the first month following the start of the use of marijuana under the study. This will allow to adjust dosing if necessary and to review whether the subject has had any adverse effects. The subject can arrange an earlier visit if problems ensue. When the subject is stable, monthly visits will occur through the subsequent two months and will continue every three months thereafter. All serious adverse events, changes in concomitant medications and study withdrawal must be documented and reported to the investigator.
Follow-up questionnaires are suggested, in Appendix 4, to facilitate follow-up with subjects and with participating treating physicians.
The collection of good quality data on adverse event occurrence is of central importance to the study. All serious and unexpected adverse events must be collected and reported. Adverse events must be defined and reported using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). The investigator must indicate the relationship of the event to the treatment, if known. The standards for reporting serious adverse events, as defined in the ICH guideline, Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting, ICH Harmonized Guideline, will be strictly followed by study investigators. The death of a subject, even when expected, must be reported on a Death Report Form. Participating treating physicians will have to be trained on serious adverse event detection and reporting.
A central database of adverse events and a dedicated data monitoring committee must be established for each study conducted under this initiative. The role of the safety committee is to ensure access to an independent data monitoring committee to review the adverse event reports, provide feedback to the regulatory authority and stop the study if the safety data are of sufficient concern.
Clinical and laboratory events or toxicities will be graded as per the NIAID standardized toxicity grading system (see Appendix 5). Events of all grades may be reportable as serious adverse drug reactions.
Any withdrawal of a subject from the study must be clearly documented in the case report form. Subject will be withdrawn in the following situations:
Adverse event reporting is a major source of the safety information to be collected. In addition, baseline measurements of concurrent drug use, physiological parameters, addiction risk and neurocognitive function should be included and repeated at specified intervals. Symptoms should be quantified using standardized numerical scales, using identical measures across studies where possible to allow future meta-analyses. It is recommended that general quality of life indices such as the SF36 be employed. Global satisfaction estimates should also be included (using 11-point numerical rating scales and identical anchors across studies).
Primary outcomes must include:
Secondary outcomes must include:
A. Sample Size
It is strongly recommended that studies conducted under this initiative enroll at least 100 subjects.
B. Analysis
The protocol must describe how the statistical analysis will be conducted.
Investigators conducting a study under the open label safety initiative, will be responsible for collecting and managing the information, in compliance with ICH GCP. All investigators must expect to make the results of their study available to Health Canada and to transfer all collected and analyzed information to a central information management system for integration of and global analysis.
The following persons were consulted for the development of this framework
From the Canadian Research Community:
From Canadian Institutes of Health Research:
From Health Canada:
REFERENCE MATERIAL
The following material should be used in developing and implementing study protocol under the open label safety study initiative:
| Measurement |
Sceening |
Week |
Two Months |
Three Months |
Six Months |
Nine Months |
One Year | |||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 | |||||||
| Interview | ||||||||||
| Concomittant medication: dose and frequency |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Addiction Severity Index (ASI) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Neurocognitive test* | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Drug effects | ||||||||||
| Quality of life | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Symptom control | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Global satisfaction | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Marijuana dose requirements | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Clincal examination | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Laboratory tests | ||||||||||
| Full blood count and WBC differential | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Urea and creatinine | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Serum electrolytes | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Liver function tests | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Endocrine function tests | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Urinary drug testing** | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
* The use of standardized quick test is strongly recommended. The following are recommended: to test recall memory: Verbal Paired Associate, WESCHLER Memory
Scale, 3rd Edition, 1997; to test processing speed: WESCHLER Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), 3rd Edition, 1997 Digit Symbol Coding; To test visual analysis: Picture Arrangement,
WESCHLER.
** Immunoassay panel including: THC, opiates, cocaine metabolite, benzodiazepines, amphetamines. Drug identification must be done by HPLC REMEDI or equivalent.
A) Patient Follow-up Questionnaire
Symptom 2: ________
Completely relieved symptom
Much better
Somewhat better
Slightly better
No improvement
Slightly worse
Somewhat worse
Much worse
Symptom 3: ________
Completely relieved symptom
Much better
Somewhat better
Slightly better
No improvement
Slightly worse
Somewhat worse
Much worse
Did the marijuana provided for the study produce any effects that bothered you?
Yes _______ No _______
If yes, please list the effects and for each indicate whether they where:
Very bothersome Moderately bothersome Slightly bothersome
B) Physician Follow-up Questionnaire
|
Item |
Grade 1 Toxicity |
Grade 2 Toxicity |
Grade 3 Toxicity |
Grade 4 Toxicity |
| 1.2 Hematology | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.5 - 10.5 | 8.0 - 9.4 | 6.5 - 7.9 | < 6.5 |
| Absolute Neutrophil Count (x 109/L | 1.0 - 1.5 | 0.750 - 0.999 | 0.500 - 0.749 | <0.500 |
| Platelets (x 109/L) | 75 - 99 | 50 - 74.9 | 20 - 49.9 | <20 or diffuse petechiae |
| 1.3 Enzymes | ||||
| AST (SGOT) | 1.25 - 2.5 x upper normal limit | 2.6 x 5 x upper normal limit | 5.1 - 10 x upper normal limit | > 10 x upper normal limit |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 1.25 - 2.5 x upper normal limit | 2.6 - 5 x upper normal limit | 5.1 - 10 x upper normal limit | > 10 x upper normal limit |
| Amylase | 1.1 - 1.5 x upper normal limit | 1.6 - 2.0 x upper normal limit | 2.1 - 5.0 x upper normal limit | > 10 x upper normal limit |
| 1.4 Chemistries | ||||
| Hyponatremia (mmol/L) | 130 - 135 | 123 - 129 | 116 - 122 | < 116 or mental status changes or seizures |
| Hypernatremia (mmol/L) |
146-150 | 151-157 | 158-165 | > 165 or mental status changes or seizures |
| Hypokalemia (mmol/L) | 3.0 - 3.4 | 2.5 - 2.9 or replacement Rx required | 2.0 - 2.4 or intensive replacement Rx req. or hospitalization req. | < 2.0 or paresis or ileus or life-threatening arrhythmia |
| Hyperkalemia (mmol/L) | 5.6 - 6.0 | 6.1 - 6.5 | 6.6 - 7.0 | > 7.0 or life threatening arrhythmias |
| Hypoglycemia (mmol/L) | 3.0 - 3.5 | 2.2 - 2.9 | 1.7 - 2.1 | < 1.7 or mental status changes or coma |
| Hyperglycemia (mmol/L) (note if fasting) | 6.4 - 8.9 | 9.0 - 13.9 | 14.0 - 28.0 | > 28 or ketoacidosis |
| Hyperbilirubinemia (µmol/L) | 24 - 33 | 34 - 55 | 56 - 110 | > 110 |
| Urea | 1.25 - 2.5 x upper normal limit | 2.6 - 5 x upper normal limit | 5.1 - 10 x upper normal limit | > 10 x upper normal limit |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 130 - 180 | 181 - 360 | 361 - 720 | > 720 or dialysis required |
| 1.5 Urinalysis | ||||
| Proteinuria | 1+ or <0.3% or < 3 g/L or 200 mg - 1 g loss/day | 2 - 3+ or 0.3 - 1.0% or 3 - 10 g/L or 1 - 2 g loss/day | 4+ or >1.0% or > 10 g/L or 2 - 3.5 g loss/day | > 3.5 g loss/day or nephrotic syndrome |
| Hematuria | microscopic only | Gross, no clots | gross + clots | Requires transfusion or causes obstruction |
| Cardiac Dysfunction | ||||
| Cardiac Rhythm | Asymptomatic, transient signs, no Rx required | recurrent/persistent; no Rx required | requires treatment | |
| Hypertension | transient inc < 20 mm; no Rx | Recurrent, chronic, > 20 mm, Rx required | requires acute therapy (outpatient) | requires hospitalization |
| Hypotension | transient orthostatic hypotension; no Rx | Symptoms correctable with oral fluid Rx | requires IV fluids; no hospitalization required | requires hospitalization |
| Pericarditis | minimal effusion | Mild/mod asymp. Effusion; no Rx | symptomatic effusion, pain, EKG changes | tamponade; pericardiocentesis or surgery required |
| Hemorrhage, blood loss | microscopic; occult | Mild, no transfusion | gross blood loss; 1 to 2 units transfused | massive blood loss, or = 3 units transfused |
| 1.6 Respiratory | ||||
| Cough - for aerosol studies | transient - no Rx | Treatment-associated cough; local Rx | uncontrolled | |
| Bronchospasm acute | transient; no Rx < 80% - > 70% FEV1 (or peak flow) |
Req Rx; normalizes with bronchodilator; or FEV1 50% to 70% (or peak flow) | no normalization w/bronchodilator or FEV1 25% - 50% (or peak flow); retraction | cyanosis or FEV1 < 25 % (or peak flow) or intubated |
| 1.7 Neuro/Neuromuscular | ||||
| Neuro-cerebellar | slight incoordination dysdiadochokinesis | Intentiontremor, dysmetria, slurred speech; nystagmus | locomotor ataxia | incapacitated |
| Mood | mild anxiety or mild depression | Therapy required and moderate anxiety or moderate depression | needs assistance for severe anxiety or severe depression or severe mania | acute psychosis or incapacitated or hospitalization |
| Neuro control (ADL = Activities of Daily Living) | no Rx, ADL unaffected, mild difficulty concentrating or mild confusion or mild agitation | Some limitation of ADL requiring minimal therapy or moderate confusion or moderate agitation | therapy required, assistance for ADL and severe confusion or agitation | toxic psychosis or incapacitated or hospitalization |
| Muscle strength | subjective weakness; no objective | Mild objective signs, symptoms | objective weakness; function limited | paralysis |
| 1.8 Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Stomatitis | Mild discomfort, no limits on activity | Some limits on eating/drinking | eating/talking very limited | requires IV fluids |
| Nausea | mild discomfort, maintains reasonable intake | Moderate discomfort; intake significantly decreased; some activity limited | severe discomfort; no significant intake; activities limited | minimal fluid intake |
| Vomiting | transient emesis | Occ/moderate vomiting | orthostatic hypotension or IV fluid required | hypotensive shock or hospitalization req for IV fluid |
| Constipation | mild | Moderate | severe | distension with vomiting |
| Diarrhea | transient or 3 -4 loose stools/day | 5 - 7 loose stools/day or nocturnal loose stools | orthostatic hypotension or > 7 loose stools/day or IV fluid Rx req. | hypotensive shock or hospitalization req for IV fluids |
| 1.9 Other Parameters | ||||
| Fever; oral, > 12hrs | 37.7 - 38.5 C | 38.6 - 39.5 C | 39.6 - 40.5 C | > 40.5 C |
| Headache | mild, no rx | Transient, moderate Rx | severe, responds to initial narcotic therapy | intractable, req. repeated narcotic therapy |
| Fatigue |
no decrease in activity |
Normal activity decreased 25-50% |
normal activity decreased 50%; can't work | unable to care for self. |
| Allergic Reaction | pruritus w/o rash | Localized urticaria | generalized urticaria or angioedema | anaphylaxis |
| Local Reaction | tenderness or erythema | Induration < 10 cm or phlebitis or inflammation | induration > 10 cm or ulceration | necrosis |
| Mucocutaneous | erythema, pruritis | Diffuse, maculopapular rash, dry desquamation | vesiculation, moist desquamation, ulceration | exfoliative dermatitis, mucous membrane involvement, or erythema multiforme or suspected Stevens-Johnson or necrosis requiring surgery |